The Transform panel for armatures in Edit Mode. пѓЃ
We will not detail here the various transformations of bones, nor things like axis locking, pivot points, and so on, as they are common to most object editing, and already described in the mesh section . The same goes for mirroring, as it is nearly the same as with mesh editing . Just keep in mind that bones’ roots and tips behave more or less like meshes’ vertices, and bones themselves act like edges in a mesh.
As you know, bones can have two types of relationships: They can be parented, and in addition connected. Parented bones behave in Edit Mode exactly as if they had no relations. They can be moved, rotated, scaled, etc. without affecting their descendants. However, connected bones must always have parent’s tips connected to child’s roots, so by transforming a bone, you will affect all its connected parent/children/siblings.
While with other transform tools, the “local axes” means the object’s axes, here they are the bone’s own axes (when you lock to a local axis, by pressing the relevant key twice, the constraint is applied along the selected bone’s local axis, not the armature object’s axis).
Finally, you can edit in the Transform panel in the Sidebar region the positions and radius of both joints of the active selected bone, as well as its roll rotation .
Scale RadiusпѓЃ
Armature ‣ Transform ‣ Scale Radius
You can alter the radius that a bone has by selecting the head, body or tail of a bone, and then press Alt — S and move the mouse left or right. If the body is selected the mean radius will be scaled. And as usual, with connected bones, you scale at the same time the radius of the parent’s tip and of the children’s roots.
You can also alter the bone radius by selecting the tail or head of the bone you wish to alter, then navigate to Properties ‣ Bone ‣ Deform ‣ Radius Section and entering new values for the Tail and Head number fields.
Bone Scale and Scale Radius comparison. пѓЃ
A single selected bone in Octahedron visualization. пѓЃ
After normal scale. пѓЃ
A single selected bone in Envelope visualization. пѓЃ
After Scaled Radius. Its length remains the same, but its joints’ radius are bigger. 
Note that, when you resize a bone (either by directly scaling it, or by moving one of its joints), Blender automatically adjusts the end-radii of its envelope proportionally to the size of the modification. Therefore, it is advisable to place all the bones first, and only then edit their properties.
You can alter the size of the Bone Envelope volume by clicking on the body of the bone you want to alter, Ctrl — Alt — S then drag your mouse left or right and the Bone Envelope volume will alter accordingly.
You can also alter the Bone Envelope volume by selecting the Bone you wish to alter and then navigate to Properties ‣ Bone ‣ Deform ‣ Envelope ‣ Distance then enter a new value into it.
Altering the Bone Envelope volume does not alter the size of the bone just the range within which it can influence vertices of child objects.
Envelope scaling example. пѓЃ
A single bone selected in Envelope visualization. пѓЃ
Its envelope distance scaled. пѓЃ
“Bone size” scaling example. 
A single “default size” bone selected in B-Bone visualization. 
Its envelope distance scaled. пѓЃ
The same armature in Object Mode and B-Bone visualization, with Bone.004’s size scaled up. 
Align BonesпѓЃ
Armature ‣ Transform ‣ Align Bones
Rotates the selected bones to achieve the same orientation as the active one.
In the 3D View, Shift-A to add a new bone to your armature.
This bone will be:
Of one Blender Unit of length.
Oriented towards the global Z axis.
With its root placed at the 3D cursor position.
With no relationship with any other bone of the armature.
Extrude¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Extrude
Hotkey:
E , Shift-E
When you press E , for each selected tip (either explicitly or implicitly), a new bone is created. This bone will be the child of “its” tip owner, and connected to it. As usual, once extrusion is done, only the new bones’ tips are selected, and in grab mode, so you can place them to your liking. See Fig. Extrusion example. .
An armature with three selected tips.
The three extruded bones.
You also can use the rotating/scaling extrusions, as with meshes, by pressing respectively E R and E S – as well as locked extrusion along a global or local axis.
A single selected bone’s tip.
The two mirror-extruded bones.
Bones have an extra “mirror extruding” tool, called by pressing Shift-E . By default, it behaves exactly like the standard extrusion. But once you have enabled the X-Axis Mirror editing option (see X-Axis Mirror), each extruded tip will produce two new bones, having the same name except for the “_L”/ “_R” suffix (for left/right, see the next page ). The “_L” bone behaves like the single one produced by the default extrusion – you can grab/rotate/scale it exactly the same way. The “_R” bone is its mirror counterpart (along the armature’s local X axis), see Fig. Mirror extrusion example. .
Canceling the extrude action causes the newly created bones to snap back to the source position, (creating zero length bones). These will be removed when exiting Edit Mode, however, they can cause confusion and it’s unlikely you want to keep them. If you realize the problem immediately undo the extrude action.
In case you are wondering, you cannot just press X to solve this as you would in mesh editing, because extrusion selects the newly created tips, and as explained below the Delete tool ignores bones’ joints. To get rid of these extruded bones without undoing, you would have to move the tips, then select the bones and delete (Delete Selected Bone(s)) them.
Mouse Clicks¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Hotkey:
Ctrl-LMB
If at least one bone is selected, Ctrl-LMB -clicking adds a new bone.
About the new bone’s tip:
After you Ctrl-LMB -clicked it becomes the active element in the armature, it appears to be right where you clicked, but (as in mesh editing) it will be on the plane parallel to the view and passing through the 3D cursor.
The position of the root and the parenting of the new bone depends on the active element:
Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a bone.
If the active element is a bone:
The new bone’s root is placed on the active bone’s tip.
The new bone is parented and connected to the active bone (check the Outliner in Fig. Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a tip. ).
Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a tip.
If the active element is a tip:
The new bone’s root is placed on the active tip.
The new bone is parented and connected to the bone owning the active tip (check the Outliner in Fig. Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a tip. ).
Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a disconnected root.
If the active element is a disconnected root:
The new bone’s root is placed on the active root.
The new bone is not parented to the bone owning the active root (check the Outliner in Fig. Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a disconnected root. ).
And hence the new bone will not be connected to any bone.
Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a connected root.
If the active element is a connected root:
The new bone’s root is placed on the active root.
The new bone is parented and connected to the parent of the bone owning the active root (check the Outliner in Fig. Ctrl-clicking when the active element is a connected root. ).
This should be obvious because if the active element is a connected root then the active element will be also the tip of the parent bone, so it is the same as the second case.
As the tip of the new bone becomes the active element, you can repeat these Ctrl-RMB several times, to consecutively add several bones to the end of the same chain.
Fill between Joints¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Fill Between Joints
Hotkey:
F
The main use of this tool is to create one bone between two selected joints by pressing F , similar to how in mesh editing you can “create edges/faces”.
If you have one root and one tip selected, the new bone:
Will have the root placed on the selected tip.
Will have the tip placed on the selected root.
Will be parented and connected to the bone owning the selected tip.
Fill between a tip and a root. В¶
Active tip on the left.
Active tip on the right.
If you have two tips selected, the new bone:
Will have the root placed on the selected tip closest to the 3D cursor.
Will have the tip placed on the other selected tip.
Will be parented and connected to the bone owning the tip used as the new bone’s root.
Fill between tips. В¶
3D cursor on the left.
3D cursor on the right.
If you have two roots selected, you will face a small problem due to the event system in Blender not updating the interface in real-time.
When clicking F , similar to the previous case, you will see a new bone:
With the root placed on the selected root closest to the 3D cursor.
With the tip placed on the other selected root.
Parented and connected to the bone owning the root used as the new bone’s root.
If you try to move the new bone, Blender will update the interface and you will see that the new bone’s root moves to the tip of the parent bone.
Before UI update (3D cursor on the left).
After UI update, correct visualization.
Clicking F with only one bone joint selected will create a bone from the selected joint to the 3D cursor position, and it will not parent it to any bone in the armature.
Fill with only one tip selected.
Fill with only one root selected.
You will get an error when:
Trying to fill two joints of the same bone.
Trying to fill more than two bone joints.
Duplicate¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Duplicate
Hotkey:
Shift-D
This tool works on selected bones; selected joints are ignored.
As in mesh editing, by pressing Shift-D the selected bones will be duplicated. The duplicates become the selected elements and they are placed in grab mode, so you can move them wherever you like.
If you select part of a chain, by duplicating it you will get a copy of the selected chain, so the copied bones are interconnected exactly like the original ones.
The duplicate of a bone which is parented to another bone will also be parented to the same bone, even if the root bone is not selected for the duplication. Be aware, though, that if a bone is parented and connected to an unselected bone, its copy will be parented, but not connected to the unselected bone (see Fig. Duplication example. ).
An armature with three selected bones and a selected single root.
The three duplicated bones. Note that the selected chain is preserved in the copy, and that Bone.006 is parented but not connected to Bone.001, as indicated by the black dashed line. Similarly, Bone.007 is parented but not connected to Bone.003.
Split¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Split
Hotkey:
Y
Disconnects the selection and clears the parent at the start and end. ToDo add.
Delete Selected Bone(s)В¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Delete Selected Bone(s)
Hotkey:
X
This tool delete selected bones, selected joints are ignored.
If you delete a bone in a chain, its child(ren) will be automatically re-parented to its own parent, but not connected, to avoid deforming the whole armature.
An armature with two selected bones, just before deletion.
The two bones have been deleted. Note that Bone.002, previously connected to the deleted Bone.001, is now parented but not connected to Bone.
Dissolve¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
none
Hotkey:
Ctrl-X
Merge Bones¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Merge Bones
Hotkey:
Alt-M
You can merge together several selected bones, as long as they form a chain. Each sub-chain formed by the selected bones will give one bone, whose root will be the root of the root bone, and whose tip will be the tip of the tip bone.
Confirm by clicking on Merge Selected Bones ‣ Within Chains .
If another (non-selected) chain origins from inside of the merged chain of bones, it will be parented to the resultant merged bone. If they were connected, it will be connected to the new bone.
Here is a strange subtlety (see Fig. Merge example. ): even though connected (the root bone of the unmerged chain has no root sphere), the bones are not visually connected. This will be done as soon as you edit one bone, differently depending in which chain is the edited bone (compare the bottom two images of the example to understand this better).
An armature with a selected chain, and a single selected bone, just before merging.
Bones Bone, Bone.001 and Bone.002 have been merged in Bone.006, whereas Bone.005 was not modified. Note Bone.003, connected to Bone.006 but not yet “really” connected.
Bone.004 has been rotated, and hence the tip of Bone.006 was moved to the root of Bone.003.
The tip of Bone.006 has been translated, and hence the root of Bone.003 was moved to the tip of Bone.006.
Subdivide¶
Mode:
Edit Mode
Menu:
Armature ‣ Subdivide , Specials ‣ Subdivide
You can subdivide bones, to get two or more bones where there was just one bone. The tool will subdivide all selected bones, preserving the existing relationships: the bones created from a subdivision always form a connected chain of bones.
To create an arbitrary number of bones from each selected bone in the Subdivide Multi Operator panel.
Number of Cuts Specifies the number of cuts. As in mesh editing, if you set n cuts, you will get n + 1 bones for each selected bone.
Subdivision example. В¶
An armature with one selected bone, just before multi-subdivision.
The selected bone has been “cut” two times, giving three sub-bones.
Locking Bones¶
You can prevent a bone from being transformed in Edit Mode in several ways:
All bones can be locked clicking on the Lock checkbox of their Transform panel in the Bones tab;
Press Shift-W Toggle Bone Options ‣ Locked
Select Armature ‣ Bone Settings ‣ Toggle a Setting .
If the root of a locked bone is connected to the tip of an unlocked bone, it will not be locked, i.e. you will be able to move it to your liking. This means that in a chain of connected bones, when you lock one bone, you only really lock its tip. With unconnected bones, the locking is effective on both joints of the bone.
This option enables automatic mirroring of editing actions along the X axis. Another very useful tool is the X-Axis Mirror editing option by Tool panel ‣ Armature Options , while Armature is selected in Edit Mode. When you have pairs of bones of the same name with just a different “side suffix” (e.g. “.R”/”.L”, or “_right”/”_left” …), once this option is enabled, each time you transform (move/rotate/scale…) a bone, its “other side” counterpart will be transformed accordingly, through a symmetry along the armature local X axis. As most rigs have at least one axis of symmetry (animals, humans, …), it is an easy way to spare you half of the editing work!
Separate Bones¶
You can, as with meshes, separate the selected bones in a new armature object Armature ‣ Separate , Ctrl-Alt-P and of course, in Object Mode, you can join all selected armatures in one Object ‣ Join Objects , Ctrl-J .
